Just Lather, That’s All

â€Å"Just Lather, That's All† by Hernando Tellez is about a barber who is forced to shave the beard of one of the troops, whom he wants to kill but using all of his strength not to. The barber is a rebel himself so having the enemy's face in his hands with a razor sharp enough to cut the skin was a little too much temptation. the barber is hesitant with Captain Torres. When in the presence of the Captain, the barber is forced to decide what is more important: him being an experienced barber or him being a rebel. With much hesitation he established that being a barber will be a lot safer.When the troop comes into the barber's shop, the barber starts to tremble. He recognizes him as Captain Torres. The one who gives the orders. The one who kills the rebels. The one who tell him that all the rebels will die. â€Å"‘The other boys in the group should have this much beard, too,' he remarked. I continued stirring the lather. ‘But we did all right, you know. We got the main ones. We brought back some dead, and we got some others still alive. But pretty soon they'll all be dead. ‘ ‘How many did you catch? ‘ I asked. ‘Fourteen. We had to go pretty deep into the woods to find them.But we'll get even. Not one of them comes out of this alive, not one. ‘† This is the passage where the barber and Captain Torres talk about how many rebels the Captain and his troops caught. The becomes upset but tries to not let Torres see his trembling hands. When the barber starts lathering Captain Torres' face, Torres talks more about shooting the rebel and giving the people in the town a show and a â€Å"good† lesson. The barber considers Captain Torres â€Å"A man of imagination, because who else would have thought of hanging the naked rebels and then holding target practice on their bodies? It doesn't take long for the barber to start imagining different scenarios of what would happen if he did kill Captain Torres. He wonde red if he would be a hero or be hunted down as â€Å"Captain Torres' murderer†. In this next passage, the barber imagines how easy it would be to cut his throat: â€Å"I could cut his throat so–zip, zip! I wouldn't give him time to resist and since he has his eyes closed he wouldn't see the glistening blade or my glistening eyes. But I'm trembling like a real murderer.Out of his neck a gush of blood would spout onto the sheet, on the chair, on my hands, on the floor. I would have to close the door. And the blood would keep inching along the floor, warm, ineradicable, uncontainable, until it reached the street, like a little scarlet stream. I'm sure that one solid stroke, one deep incision, would prevent any pain. He wouldn't suffer. But what would I do with the body? Where would I hide it? I would have to flee, leaving all I have behind, and take refuge far away. But they would follow until they found me. ‘Captain Torres' murderer.He slit his throat while he was shaving him– a coward. ‘ And then on the other side. ‘The avenger of us all. A name to remember. He was the town barber. No one knew he was defending out cause. ‘† he considers all of the possibilities. He doesn't want to be a murderer though. He is not Captain Torres. He is not an executioner. He is a barber, and he performs his work virtuously. In the end, Captain Torres walks out of the barber shop. Alive and well. With a clean shaven neck. He says to the barber that â€Å"‘They told me that you'd kill me. I came to find out.But killing isn't easy. You can take my word for it. ‘† This could perchance that the barber would think twice about the Captain. Maybe it isn't he who gives the orders to kill. There is a higher controlling group. They are the ones who should be taken out. Since the story ends with that last explanation, we can only infer the impact of which it had on the barber. Not everyone is who they might seem to be. An extravagant barber could be a big time rebel. No one would expect it. For all we know, Captain Torres could be a sweet-heart. He doesn't like killing people, but he has to. Just Lather, That’s All â€Å"Just Lather, That's All† by Hernando Tellez is about a barber who is forced to shave the beard of one of the troops, whom he wants to kill but using all of his strength not to. The barber is a rebel himself so having the enemy's face in his hands with a razor sharp enough to cut the skin was a little too much temptation. the barber is hesitant with Captain Torres. When in the presence of the Captain, the barber is forced to decide what is more important: him being an experienced barber or him being a rebel. With much hesitation he established that being a barber will be a lot safer.When the troop comes into the barber's shop, the barber starts to tremble. He recognizes him as Captain Torres. The one who gives the orders. The one who kills the rebels. The one who tell him that all the rebels will die. â€Å"‘The other boys in the group should have this much beard, too,' he remarked. I continued stirring the lather. ‘But we did all right, you know. We got the main ones. We brought back some dead, and we got some others still alive. But pretty soon they'll all be dead. ‘ ‘How many did you catch? ‘ I asked. ‘Fourteen. We had to go pretty deep into the woods to find them.But we'll get even. Not one of them comes out of this alive, not one. ‘† This is the passage where the barber and Captain Torres talk about how many rebels the Captain and his troops caught. The becomes upset but tries to not let Torres see his trembling hands. When the barber starts lathering Captain Torres' face, Torres talks more about shooting the rebel and giving the people in the town a show and a â€Å"good† lesson. The barber considers Captain Torres â€Å"A man of imagination, because who else would have thought of hanging the naked rebels and then holding target practice on their bodies? It doesn't take long for the barber to start imagining different scenarios of what would happen if he did kill Captain Torres. He wonde red if he would be a hero or be hunted down as â€Å"Captain Torres' murderer†. In this next passage, the barber imagines how easy it would be to cut his throat: â€Å"I could cut his throat so–zip, zip! I wouldn't give him time to resist and since he has his eyes closed he wouldn't see the glistening blade or my glistening eyes. But I'm trembling like a real murderer.Out of his neck a gush of blood would spout onto the sheet, on the chair, on my hands, on the floor. I would have to close the door. And the blood would keep inching along the floor, warm, ineradicable, uncontainable, until it reached the street, like a little scarlet stream. I'm sure that one solid stroke, one deep incision, would prevent any pain. He wouldn't suffer. But what would I do with the body? Where would I hide it? I would have to flee, leaving all I have behind, and take refuge far away. But they would follow until they found me. ‘Captain Torres' murderer.He slit his throat while he was shaving him– a coward. ‘ And then on the other side. ‘The avenger of us all. A name to remember. He was the town barber. No one knew he was defending out cause. ‘† he considers all of the possibilities. He doesn't want to be a murderer though. He is not Captain Torres. He is not an executioner. He is a barber, and he performs his work virtuously. In the end, Captain Torres walks out of the barber shop. Alive and well. With a clean shaven neck. He says to the barber that â€Å"‘They told me that you'd kill me. I came to find out.But killing isn't easy. You can take my word for it. ‘† This could perchance that the barber would think twice about the Captain. Maybe it isn't he who gives the orders to kill. There is a higher controlling group. They are the ones who should be taken out. Since the story ends with that last explanation, we can only infer the impact of which it had on the barber. Not everyone is who they might seem to be. An extravagant barber could be a big time rebel. No one would expect it. For all we know, Captain Torres could be a sweet-heart. He doesn't like killing people, but he has to.

Start Snitching

I believe that people should start snitching if they want to stop living in fear in their daily lives. This issue is becoming a very serious problem, and people in general, have a strong disbelief for law enforcement. The statistics for crime rates involving murder are increasing in the U. S. Majority of these high crime rates are in low poverty areas where there are low-income citizens. This problem clarifies why snitching is essential.There are far too many of our children who are becoming victims in the crossfire of drug conflict, domestic disputes, and other various forms of crime that creates violence. Often times you hear people say, â€Å"I‘m not going to snitch because the murder might see me out there in the streets or come to my home and kill me. † I agree, to some extent, and it saddens me to say that law enforcement has done a terrible job at protecting those who come forward to tell the truth.Until we become aware of our power, we will continue to live in fe ar. Therefore, if we do not feel safe, it is our responsibility to communicate the message to our source of protection. We can get involved by developing a snitching program that will allow us to arrange city council meetings and town hall meetings that will implement programs to make our community become safer. In my opinion, I agree that we all must take a stand for what is right for the next generation, because if we do not, no one else will.Many of us are aware about the things that take place in our communities. Punishing criminals by putting them in jail is supposed to serve as a deterrent for crimes being committed, meaning if you do the crime, you do the time. Thus, by not snitching, we are communicating the wrong message to our people. We are allowing them to think that what they are doing is right. We are simply saying that there is no reason to think before you act because there are no consequences, so you would not be punished.This is the number one reason why the crime rates are so high. We have communicated a message that people can kill one another and get away with it, and we will still protect them by keeping silent. Keeping silent will only worsen the situation. We as people need to become responsible citizens and start snitching because the death rate will continue to rise. We can stand up and make a change by getting involved and helping the authority solve these murders.

Course assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Course assignment - Coursework Example aware of different technological tools and techniques and they can use their knowledge and skills in their work (Creating a Successful Performance Compensation System for Educators, 2007). Therefore, we can say that the knowledge base of some of the potential employees is the actual factor to implement the performance based compensation. Because these employees can work better as com-pare to others just because of their capabilities (Creating a Successful Performance Compensation System for Educators, 2007). The implementation of performance based pay or compensation packages is important in order to reward or appreciate the hard working employees and in order to punish the lazy employees too. It can be negative or positive reinforcement for the employees so that they can work hard in the future or at least they can try to maximize their efforts. Positive reinforcement can be in the form of prizes while the negative reinforcement can be in the form of punishments or highlighting the bad performance in the meetings. In other words we can say that in this knowledge worker type environment, the best and the most appreciated compensation style will be the evaluation based on the performance appraisal. Employees can get immediate feedback in the form of rewrads or punishments for their performances. This performance based compensation can also help to reduce the likelihood of nay priority or biasness towards any specific employee. If we talk about the major forms of performance based pay styles then usually companies adopt these four major forms of these pay packages. That includes gain sharing, profit sharing, performance bonuses and the other is the skill based rewards (Jonathan, 2010). The details of all the three forms of performance based pay is given below; These Performance based bonuses are very widespread, because they are almost basic type of performance-based pay. In order to award such bonuses to the employees, a company manager may assess the

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TEXTBOOK-Brinkley, American History, Connecting with the Past, Volume Essay

TEXTBOOK-Brinkley, American History, Connecting with the Past, Volume II, McGraw Hill chapters 16-19 - Essay Example Furthermore, a wonderful platform was provided for entrepreneurs to showcase their talent at the onset of this revolution. Steam power was introduced with the help of which railways came into being; water wheels were made use of in the manufacturing industry; the textile industry made use of the spinning jenny as well as various other equipments that brought about a revolutionary change in American society. These effects were not only confined to America but also spread through parts of Europe as well as North America, making America to be one of the fastest growing economies at the time. A number of powerful and wealthy industrialists came into being and were known as Robber Barons who sold their products at prices that were very questionable; this process included buying out the competition, paying the employees and workers very low wages, hiking up the prices while maintaining a monopoly in order to amass wealth. This practice was followed under the concept of laissez faire which has been discussed further during the scope of this paper however it was due to such a monopoly that the government in the country had to interfere in order to keep in check the welfare of the poorer sections of society from being exploited by these barons. â€Å"Laissez-faire† is a French word-combination that literally means ‘let them do’ and may be interpreted in the economic sense as ‘let them do as they will’ or ‘leave them to do as they please.’ The phrase was brought into question when M. Le Gendre, who led a group of French businessmen, was asked about the welfare of merchants in France and how they could contribute to the commercial structure of the country. Established in the 18th century, the concept of laissez-faire was used in order to oppose any government intervention in business affairs. In America private owners have had a bigger say in matters relating to trade and commerce. E.A.J Johnson wrote the following in his 1973 study on the economic principles established at the foundation of the United States: â€Å"The general view, discernible in contemporaneous literature, was that the responsibility of government should involve enough surveillance over the enterprise system to ensure the social usefulness of all economic activity. It is quite proper, said Bordley, for individuals to â€Å"choose for themselves† how they will apply their labor and their intelligence in production. But it does not follow from this that â€Å"legislators and men of influence† are freed from all responsibility for giving direction to the course of national economic development. They must, for instance, discountenance the production of unnecessary commodities of luxury when common sense indicates the need for food and other essentials. Lawmakers can fulfill their functions properly only when they â€Å"become benefactors to the public†; in new countries they must safeguard agriculture and commerce, e ncourage immigration, and promote manufactures.† (Johnson, E.A.J) One of the main aspects of the industrial revolution in America was the development of railways and railroads because this led to the formation of the backbone of the American economy to a great extent. It assisted in balancing out transport of essential commodities to destinations near and far in order to maintain the supply of

Divine Power and Divine Retribution in Jose Saramago’s Blindness Essay Example for Free

Divine Power and Divine Retribution in Jose Saramago’s Blindness Essay Divine Power and Divine Retribution in Jose Saramago’s Blindness Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Often, writers in literature pilfer from the world of reality in their quest to present compelling characters and gripping plots. Nonetheless, others replicate the real world in an abstract sense to sensitize or communicate the malicious and malignant threats, epidemics and plagues prevalent in the world. Such episodes of these phenomena inflict mass threats and destructions, nefarious villains as well as innocent victims who apparel and enthrall novelists. In some instances, divine retribution follows the nefarious villains as well as grapples the ignorant innocent victims. This is well presented by Jose Saramago in his epic novel, Blindness. This paper explores divine power as well as divine retribution in the book Blindness by Jose Saramago arguing that divinity intervention follows in instituting justice. Besides, divinity intervenes to punish ignorance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Indeed, the novel does not state explicitly that the onus of the swiftly hitting epidemic is resultant from the hands of a divine power such as God. However, the author does not resist writing on a divine power, God. This is because Jose Saramago introduces and trails the action of the churches in supplementing the government’s effort to contain the situation. Moreover, there are multiple references to church leaders all observable in the novel. Besides, Jose Saramago’s presentation in the novel suggests that divine retribution followed a nefariously villainous person. He or she was inflicted or struck with blindness. Additionally, it is interesting to note that literal authors cannot write a masterful work in a spiritual, religious or cultural vacuum. Deductively, it is evident that Saramago alludes to divine intervention and divine retribution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Interestingly, the Blindness novel depicts a thrilling plot with an incessantly straying narrator from presentation of dialogues and facts to reflection on moral academic and ethical analysis at great lengths. Divine intervention and retribution features at the onset of the story in the first page. It is here that the author dexterously delineates in detail the expected features at an ordinary road intersection. These include flickering of lights and pedestrians crossing the road. Everything is a routine, and the events unfold as usual. However, a car at the intersection does not move or give way to the traffic behind, in spite of the flickering green light, creating an unusual situation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The author is innate to this situation and goes on to consider rational motives behind the car’s stillness. He states, â€Å"there have to be some mechanical flaws, a loose accelerator, a stuck gear level, suspension problems† (1-2) and many other listings of things that could have gone wary. This situation does not go unnoticed because a bystander comes to the attention of the driver. He opens the door catching the attention of the driver as well as the reader. It then dawns to the reader that the driver was struck with blindness. This is rather bellowing and discomforting. It is not incidental that blindness just hit the driver cum blind. The cause of the blindness can only be explained in terms of divine retribution or intervention.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Saramago twists and turns the novel literally betwixt calamities. The â€Å"Good Samaritan† that came to the aid of the blind man later emerges that he is a thief. On driving the old man home, he steals his car. It is rather ironical that the good natured helper turns to be an immodest, insensitive and hands down thief. Indeed, it is immoral for an able person to take advantage of a handicapped person and exploit them taking advantage of their helplessness. The reader is appareled by the thief and only wishes for divine punishment. Therefore, the thief’s catching of blindness comes as a sigh of relief to the reader for what he or she considers as an immoral and ungracious act.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The scene of people being struck with blindness becomes an incessant phenomenon in the following pages. The narrator trails the lives of victims, and it emerges that they all had crossed paths one way or another. It is here that the narrator philosophizes divine retribution and intervention as calamity strikes the nation ravaging and resulting to outbursts among people with â€Å"I’m blind, I’m blind† uproars. In a series of skits between philosophical argument and conventional wisdom, the narrator presents a vivid account of the actions and motives of the escort and the car thief. Finally, blindness strikes these characters long before the narrator can conclude on the cause of the plague. Interestingly blindness strikes immediately without any bouts to announce its arrival. Divine retribution causes a fierily spread of the plague without a scientific explanation or physical symptoms. Blindness strikes swiftly, strange ly and impartially. For instance, the doctor realizes that he too is blind while watching television. The plague replicates in nature and strangeness to ancient floods and plagues that were acts of divine retribution such as in the bible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A clout to divine retribution is protracted from the doctor’s wife. She is the only victim of blindness who separates human flaws and godly affairs thereby attributing the epidemic to divinity. According to her, â€Å"this is unbearable filth of the soul of a human. Of the human body† (279). According to the narrator, â€Å"she said, as if to correct this metaphysical thought, then she added, it is all the same† (Saramago 279). The reader is left the quarry of the thoughts of divine power and retribution. Arguably though, why does divine power not punish the malicious and nefarious villains, as well? Thomas Talbott in his article, â€Å"Punishment, Forgiveness and Divine Judgment† argues that retributivist punishment theory. He justifids punishment by questioning if the punishment befits the error or crime committed. Therefore, punishment is not a rehabilitation or crime deterrence tool but a justice and equalit y feature (Talbott, 154).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Just like other narrations, the Blindness narrator is obsessed with the behavior of people when put under extreme conditions. It is interesting to see the huge and expansive wary and panic among people following the blindness plague. Indeed, such a mega scale panic and social disarray contends the prevalence of a divine power with much stronger abilities than man can think. Different institutions in the society fall and crumble thanks to the plague for fear of the plague. The military cannot contain the massively and swiftly spreading plague create a heat of battle and confusion amidst the crisis. The government is also initiated into the crisis. It imposes a quarantine effort to control the contagion unsuccessfully resulting to collapse of the media, military and businesses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Divinity fabling is also evident in the identity of the characters in the novel. For instance, the author does not give them real names but rather opts to identify them in generic form. For instance, there is the blind man, the Good Samaritan cum the car thief, the doctor, the doctor’s wife among many others. The book begins with the first blind man trailing him as his eyesight elopes while at an intersection, in his car. The first blind man is rescued by the Good Samaritan who takes him home. Later on, the good Samaritan steals his car and eventually loses sight. Indeed, divine retribution strikes and the thief is blinded just like other noble souls. The level of blindness infliction is as a resultant of divinity. It trails people who have crossed paths. For instance, the doctor was struck with blindness. Interestingly, he had attempted to treat the first blind man. People who had sat at the waiting room also got struck with blindn ess.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Saramago presents the proclamations of the churches and the church leaders, as well. They preached the end times claiming that the world was coming to an end. The narrator states, â€Å"they were proclaiming the end of the world†. He adds that they preached, â€Å"redemption through the visions of the seventh days, through penitence, †¦the purity and sanctity of the lymph, the black cat’s blood, the sleep of the shadow, the logic of anthropophagy, the rising of sea, painless castration and mainly divine tattoos..† (Saramago, 298). This presents the existence of divine power that claimed the people. References Cooper, Kate, and Thomas Talbot. Punishment, Forgiveness and Divine Judgment. Retribution, repentance, and reconciliation: papers read at the 2002 Summer Meeting and the 2003 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: Published for the Ecclesiastical History Society by the Boydell Press, 2004. 154. Print. Saramago, JoseÃÅ' . Blindness: a novel. New York: Harcourt, 1998. Print. Source document

A Day in the Life of Deaf Culture Essay Example for Free

A Day in the Life of Deaf Culture Essay After watching the videos about how deaf people go along with their daily life, I realized there isn’t very much that is different than how someone who can hear lives there daily life. When watching all of the 5 people, I noticed that every single one of them used a video phone or cell phone, computers, and other gadgets. I didn’t know how much technology they actually used, and I was quite surprised, and interested in more, or other technology that is out there for the deaf community. Detoine, who was in the second video mentioned how he goes along with his day starting with school, followed by going to work, and then hanging out with his hearing friends. Even though he can’t hear, he still does everything that someone who can hear does. This goes for all of the others except Ashley, but only because she cannot see well. Ashley has a disease that has left her deaf and partially blind. It’s scary that the disease she has can still worsen and leave her completely blind. See more:  Capital budgeting essay Being blind and deaf combined would be terrifying and how someone could live with it; I don’t know. Even though she cant drive, she still does everything else a parent does. She takes care of her son and she even works. They may be deaf, but all of them live their lives and want to make something of themselves just like anyone else in this world does. Every one of them shares a common thing and that is that they like to communicate with the hearing weather it’s from signing or texting (technology) or writing notes. And they encourage us hearing people to try and communicate with them. Like they said they are just like anyone else that you’ll meet. Martha reminds me of my two younger sisters. All they do is go to school come home, do homework, play around, listen to music, write, and draw. And there is nothing wrong with that; what else can a kid do? She’s just like any kid out there. I think it is really cool that there are schools for the deaf. Not only are there deaf schools for kids like elementary through high school, there are also deaf colleges or normal collages that are mixed with deaf and hearing. Julian, who works at a camp as a counselor, seems very nice and he talks about how he loves sports. He is the only one in his family who is deaf. The only problem he has with being deaf is that he can’t hear people knocking at the door, and his parents have to let him know if there is someone at the door. He also talks about getting food at a fast food restaurant; he has to order inside, and not the through the drive through. I heard that problem a lot throughout this video. Julian talks about how he and the deaf community are different; they have their own culture, standard language (ASL) and history. During this video there was some that someone had said that really stuck out to me. â€Å"I am deaf, I am different. We are all different. † Julian said that, and I really agree with him. But even though everyone is different, I believe that the deaf and hearing communities are very much alike. Watching these videos made me appreciate this class more because there’s so much that I can learn from ASL, and the Deaf Community.

Youth Travel For Tourism In Kenya Tourism Essay

Youth Travel For Tourism In Kenya Tourism Essay CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background to the study Youth travel represents a significant market within tourism (Horak and Weber, 2000) in terms of size and growth rates (Matzler and Siller, 2003). Youth travel has also been identified as one of the largest segments of global tourism and also seen as having considerable potential for future growth as youth affluence increases (Richard and Wilson, 2004). Furthermore young tourists are often trendsetters who establish and build the attractiveness of tourist destinations (Horak and Weber, 2000). Economic importance and social value of youth travel has been recognized (UNWTO, 2008). Locally owned businesses and communities particularly benefit from adventurous young travelers (dAnjou, 2004) thus reducing leakages and stimulate investment (UNWTO, 2008). Youth travel is acknowledged to be multibillion dollar business and one that provides an indicator of future travel trends (Hall, 2005). However few countries are currently engaged in activities to promote youth travel (UNWTO, 2008). Besides, youth travel is a little researched sector of tourism market (Cooper et al., 2008). According to UNWTO (2008) only a third of countries have youth travel policy, less than a third collect statistics on the market, only a quarter have policies for product development and less than third have a marketing policy. In developing countries and more so in Kenya youth travel is seen as an extension of the education process, familiarizing young people with their own country and has not been classified as a separate category (UNWTO, 2005). In Kenya domestic youth travel has been spearheaded by the wildlife clubs of Kenya (WCK), a non-governmental organization whose aim is to promote wildlife and Environmental Education (EE) (Sindiga, 1999). Travel by young people locally, motivated by leisure, adventure and sport activities, is a significant sector that has continued to increase in frequency, and expand widely in the country (MOT, 2010). There are efforts to reach out to growing market to draw larger numbers of young travelers to Kenya. 1.2. Problem Statement Youth travel is a growing market which is becoming increasingly important for many countries. The youth travel has also been acknowledged to be multibillion dollar business but the question arises whether this multibillion dollar industry is fully tapped in tourism in Kenya. In spite of the size of the market and growth in youth travel, the final draft of tourism policy has no specific policy for this market. There appears to be a policy gap between the growing potential of youth travel and the lack of action on part of the government. Youth travel has not been given its due consideration nor has it been studied in great detail. Previous studies carried out on Kenyas tourism industry by Dieke (1994), Sindiga (1996), Ndivo (2009) among others have made few attempts to focus on addressing specific tourism market segments. This has led to having relatively little information available on the size, scope and status of the youth travel market in terms of the profile, preferred products, as well as supporting infrastructure. As result Kenya is losing out on the longer term potential of a rapidly growing market. 1.3. Purpose of the study The study seeks to identify and analyze the youth travel behaviour in Kenya in order to establish the potential of youth travel as a market segment for the tourism industry in Kenya. 1.4. Objectives of the Study 1.4.1. General Objective This study seeks to establish the potential of youth travel as a viable market for tourism in Kenya. The study aims at providing baseline information to support market-driven development initiative such as planning and marketing for the youth travel niche market. 1.4.2. Specific Objectives To investigate factors that influence the travel decision making among the youth. To explore the tourist products preferred by the youth. To determine the travel limiting factors for the youth travel market in Kenya. To profile the youth travel market in Kenya. 1.5. Hypotheses 1. H01: Youth travel decision making is not significantly influenced by social-economic and behavioural factors 2. H02: Choice of tourist products is not significantly different among youth of different social-economic and demographic status. 1.6. Significance and Anticipated Output The study seeks to establish the youth travel as potential market for tourism in Kenya. The study will seek to identify the youth travel niche market, product and infrastructure. It is considered that the findings of the study will contribute significantly to ministry of tourism as a guideline for formulating policies to enhance and promote youth travel. The findings will also contribute towards identifying attributes which satisfy young travelers in Kenya. This will be useful to local tourism investors and will also help in opening up the less visited destinations. Comprehending what young travelers seek in Kenya may help tourist marketers and promoters in increasing the growth of tourism by enhancing their strategies for marketing youth travel. Finally, the study will contribute to the body of knowledge in youth travel research which has been inadequately undertaken in Kenya while strengthening the existing body of knowledge in tourism in Kenya. 1.7. Limitations to the Study The study will use purposive sampling and the sample is selected from one particular tourist destination in Nairobi which is an urban setting. This may not represent the whole youth market in Kenya. The result should be generalized with caution to other regions. This is due to difference in culture, environment and social-economic conditions which may affect the youth travel decision making. However, care has been taken to ensure that the selected group represents the travelling youth segment noting that the city of Nairobi is the premier source of domestic tourism market in Kenya (Ndivo, 2009) 1.8. Conceptual Framework This study on youth travel as potential market for tourism in Kenya will be based on activities based model of destination choice by Moscardo et al., (1996) figure 1 in attempt to establish factors that influence youth travel in Kenya. Internal inputs Social psychological set factors: Personal characteristics, motives External output Destination characteristics derived from Information from experience, promotional information, Information from other sources Travel constraint Individual constraints: Money, time, social factors External constraints: seasonality, accessibility, etc Destination images and Awareness set Destination choice Actual travel Figure 1: A theoretical framework of travel decision making (Adapted from Moscardo et al., 1996) According to Moscardo et al., (1996) destination activities are seen as a critical link between travel and destination choice. They argue that motives provide travelers with expectations for activities and destinations are seen offering these activities The figure suggests that internal inputs and external output factors contribute to destination image and awareness set. Internal input refers to social psychological set of factors such as personal characteristics for example age, income, experience, lifecycle and personal motivation. The internal input factors are seen as providing the desired activities by an individual at a destination. External output refers to destination characteristics derived from information gained. These include past experience, promotional information and information from other sources. The external output factors are seen as providing information about activities available at a destination. Destination images are seen as the result of the destination characteristic, how they are presented and how they are integrated with social psychological factors such as motives and interests. Destination image is seen to provide the initial motivation to visit the place. Awareness set includes all the travel locations which people might consider as potential destination before any decision process about their trip has been initiated. Image of destination affects the choice of a destination. Destination choice is based on match between perceived activities offered and preferred activities. Travel constraints includes individual constraints (such as money, time and social factors such as fear and safety) and external constraints (such as seasonality accessibility and influence by significant others) are also seen to influence the actual travel to a destination. This study will therefore attempt to find out the influence of both social-psychological set factors and destination characteristics in creating destination image and awareness among the youth in Kenya. Finally the study will explore the potential socio-economic constraints that influence actual travel. 1.9. Operational Definition of Terms Youth-In this study youth will refer to Kenyan citizens and foreign nationals who are aged between 15-30 years. Youth travel-refers to young Kenyan and foreign nationals aged 15-30 years who travel within Kenya for leisure, business and other purpose not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. Niche market-defines the specific product features aimed at satisfying Kenyan youth travel markets needs as well as price range, production and quality. Destination-is any place in Kenya which attracts visitors, either as tourists who stay overnight or as same-day visitors. Domestic tourism-tourism involving Kenyan residents travelling within Kenya for the purpose of spending their leisure time. Backpackers-a form of tourism which appears to appeal mainly to a younger market, where tourist uses a rucksack, or a backpack rather than a suitcase to carry all they need. Tourism-refers to all activities of Kenyan visitors,(either as tourists (overnight visitors) and same day visitors) travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for leisure business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. I think you have covered your objectives well Think about adding more space for qualitative responses You can rearrange your questions according your specific objectives The questionnaire is fine but not neatly formatted. Use tables for neatness and format your question numbers to give it a professional look which will make it easier for your respondents to answer I would strongly suggest that you look at other questionnaires even from the internet to help you with point 4 above Questionnaire Date of issue: Dear Respondent, I am conducting a research on youth travel as potential market for tourism in Kenya. I will greatly appreciate your response to the questions listed below. Please indicate your response by ticking ( ) where appropriate. PERSONAL INFORMATION Caroline, Kindly consider having this section in a table-like format for collecting personal information and remove the question numbers 1 through 6. The reason being its standard information and it gives the respondent a feeling that they are answering too many questions yet its not like so Qn1. Your gender Male [ ] Female [ ] Qn2. Age 15-19 [ ] 20-24 [ ] 25-30[ ] (If your age is below 15 or above 30 kindly discontinue) Qn3. What is your occupation? Qn4. Marital status Single [ ] married [ ] other [ ] Qn5. What is your level of education? Primary [ ] High school [ ] TertiaryCollege [ ] University [ ] have option for other and explanation Qn6.What is your nationality Kenyan citizen [ ] Non Kenyan citizen [ ] Qn7. If engaged in any income generating occupation, what is your level of income per month (KSh)? This could come after the personal information section. Its a bit sensitive, and im not exactly sure how this information is going to assist you Below 20,000 [ ] 21,000-30,000 [ ] 31,000-40,000 [ ] 41,000-50,000 [ ] 51,000-above [ ] Qn8. What is the source of money you use for travelling to various tourist destinations in Kenya? Personal saving [ ] travel incentives [ ] parents/family assistance [ ] others [ ] This makes more sense to me only that you might have to explain in brackets what travel incentive means Qn9. How would you evaluate your level of awareness, about touristic facilities and attraction in Kenya on a scale of 1-5? Where: 1- Not aware 2-aware but need more information 3-no opinion 4-aware but would not prefer visiting 5= aware but would very much wish to visit list them one by one Tourist attraction rating Regions visitedtypenumber of visits specify National parks and reserves National museums Culturaleventsvillages Historical sites Landscapes Forest Entertainment Sport activities Recreational activities Coastal beaches Qn10. In making your decision to travel to your preferred tourist destination, how significant would the following source of information be to you? Where (1): totally Insignificant; and (5): very significant. Source of information 1 2 3 4 5 Friends/colleagues/family members Newspapers/magazines/brochures/books Travel agents/ marketers Internet TelevisionRadio Personal previous experience Number of previous visits Any other (please specify) Qn11. In choosing tourist destinations in Kenya, how would you rate the importance of the following travel motivations on a scale of 1-5 where (1): not important and (5): very important. Motivation factor 1 2 3 4 5 To visit friends or relative Relaxing atmosphere Outstanding scenery Oceans and beaches Sport facilities Camping To find thrills and excitement Low cost of holidays Warm friendly people Good roads and transport Outstanding food Attractive customs, life Nightlife Easier to have fun there Cultural activities Religious activities/ help people in need Class study/education with some fun activities Travel arrangement (packaged/non-packaged) Qn12.Below is a list of types of accommodation. On scale of 1-5 what type of accommodation would you likely prefer when on holiday vacation? Where 1-not preferred 2-least preferred (3-fairly preferred (4) preferred (5) most preferred. Type of accommodation 1 2 3 4 5 Budget hotels Youth hostels Lodges Home stays Accommodation offered by friends and relatives Villas/cottage Apartment Guest houses Any other specify Qn.12. which one of the following statements is TRUE concerning your travel arrangement? I prefer to travel independently [ ] I prefer travelling in a group [ ] Both of the above applies to me [ ] have this in table form for neatness Qn13.If you travel in groups indicate the type of travel group. School group [ ] have this in table form for neatness College group [ ] Researchers [ ] Volunteers [ ] Non-school youth groups [ ] Family groups [ ] Corporate groups [ ] Religious groups [ ] Cultural exchange groups [ ] Event driven [ ] Other and specify. Please have this in table form for neatness Qn14.How do you make your travel arrangement? Independently [ ] Travel agents/tour firms [ ] Online [ ] Others specify [ ] Qn15.Below is a list of tourist products. How would you evaluate your level of preference about the touristic products available in Kenya on a scale of 1-5? Where (1): least preferred and (5): -most preferred. Tourist product Rating 1 2 3 4 5 Wildlife parksReserves Bird site sanctuaries Museumshistorical sites Landscapes Conservancies Forests Picnic sites Cultural events Shopping Entertainment Hiking Camping Mountaineering Picnicking Sport activities Horsecamel riding Walking and trekking Qn16.Please indicate on a scale of 1-5 the type of transport you prefer while travelling to a tourist destination where 1-least preferred and 5-most preferred 1-not preferred 2-less preferred 3 fairly preferred 4- preferred 5 most preferred Type of transport Rating 1 2 3 4 5 Air transport Tour buses Public buses Personal cars Rental taxis Bikes Others (please specify) Qn17.On a scale of 1-5 how would the following factors likely limit your travel to a tourist destination. Where 1-most unlikely and 5- most likely factor Rating 1 2 3 4 5 Work schedules Income available Studies schedule Family responsibilities Friends/relatives choice/preferences Health Lack of interest Lack of awareness Fear and safety concerns Climatic conditions Transport Language barrier Accommodation availability Seasonality Others specify Qn18.On average how many nights would you spend in visiting any domestic tourist destination? Less than 1 night [ ] 1 night [ ] 2 nights [ ] 3 nights [ ] 4 nights [ ] 5 nights [ ]. Above five [ ]. Qn19. If less than 1 night specify the reasons Thank you for your co-operation in completing this questionnaire.

Irony, Symbolism, and Imagery Reveal the Emptiness of War in One Hundre

Irony, Symbolism, and Imagery Reveal the Emptiness of War in One Hundred Years of Solitude While most scholars have agreed that war is a real and significant part of human history, these same scholars have yet not reached a consensus on the characteristics of war. History books often lean toward glorifying war with stories of soldiers dying for their honor and homeland; novels, on the other hand, tend to point out the emptiness of war with stories of soldiers losing their youth and contact with the world. The selected passage from Gabriel Garcia Marquez' novel One Hundred Years of Solitude adds to the debate over war's characteristics. Through the literary techniques of irony, symbolism, and imagery, this text reveals the major theme that, in reality, war is not glorious but empty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By having Colonel Gerineldo Marquez conclude his telegraph with the slogan "Long Live the Liberal party," the author successfully creates a sense of irony in the reader at the end of the second paragraph. While the first two sentences of the passage present Colonel Marquez as the civil and military leader of Macondo who has realized the emptiness of war, this party slogan presents words that carry no weight when written by a man who believes his commanding officer to be a total stranger. Positioned high on the military chain of command, Colonel Marquez received the opportunity to witness the war's progression from an isolated conflict of clear definition and predictable course, to a widespread conflict of augmenting intensity and uncertainty. Therefore, his words "I understand, Aureliano,...Long Live the Liberal party" become ironic. Colonel Aureliano Buendia will consider these words to be a patriotic affirmation of orders, when th... ...magery, and irony, combine to create a successful introduction of one of the novel's major themes - the emptiness of war. By having Colonel Gerineldo Marquez realize the true nature of war and then referring to him as the first in line to make that realization, the author sets up the reader for a series of other witnesses whose testimonies should make the statement concerning war's characteristic emptiness even more valid. Later in the novel, Colonel Aureliano Buendia discovers the true nature of war only after twenty years of fighting along with a sad realization that the conservative regime he had been trying to topple all this time is good and in accordance with the people's wishes. Colonel Buendia then recognizes that war is not a conflict of ideologies, but an ugly and empty struggle for power, concluding a thematic thread started by Colonel Gerineldo Marquez.

Shakespeares Othello - Character Development of Iago, Desdemona and Ot

Character Development of Iago, Desdemona and Othello  Ã‚   The three characters of Iago, Desdemona and Othello are gradually revealed to the audience as Act One unfolds. All three are linked to one another and talk to and about each other. Their characters unfold through their interaction with others and how they behave in isolation. The first impression formed of Iago comes from what Roderigo says. Being gullible, Roderigo has given Iago his purse. A character who accepts an offer like this is likely to be of doubtful reputation. The first words spoken by Iago are a strong oath. Already it is obvious that he has little respect for religion. Iago also sees little point in fighting purely in theory. He despises Cassio, partly because he has never fought physically. It becomes apparent that Iago is the dominant one in his "friendship" with Roderigo. He talks the most and has many opinions. Iago looks down upon those who serve others and explains that he is only serving Othello for his own gain: "I follow him to serve my turn upon him" (1,1,42) Insulting Othello, by referring to him solely by his race, Iago begins to show his machiavellian nature. When Othello is needed by Iago to fulfil his plans, he acts as though he is his friend. Iago has no qualms about his deceitful actions. In order to rile anger in Brabantio, he wakes him with the news that his daughter has married Othello: " Rouse him, make after him, poison his delight" (1,1,69) Iago proceeds to tell the news of Desdemona and Othello's marriage to a shocked Brabantio. He uses offensive imagery, showing the extent to which he will go to win Brabantio's support against Othello. While not in the company of either Othello or Brabantio, Iago debases the marria... ...is his trust. He foolishly entrusts his new bride to Iago. Iago has already been depicted as an untrustworthy, scheming character and it is quite possible that he will take advantage of the new situation. Iago is straight away introduced as a dubious character. Having his fingers in Roderigo's purse show his interest in money. The language that he uses is vulgar and rude and he has no shame in his deceitful actions. In order to get what he wants, Iago will do anything. This includes insulting Desdemona, an innocent young woman who does not intend to harm anyone. Her sorrow at her divided loyalties shows this. Like her husband, Desdemona deals with situations carefully. Othello is the opposite of Iago in that he does not pride himself on killing people. It may be his strong point, but he feels that it should not be bragged about, especially in noble company.   

Laws That Contradict

| State Laws That Contradicts Federal Laws| Which One Must We Fallow? | | | State Laws That Contradict Federal Laws Abstract: This Paper explains using proof and some facts from researched sites and articles on the internet using sites like Google as a research source. This also going to show some views that the people have on this subject. We will see information and ideas on this topic (How state Laws Contradict Federal Laws) there all going to be different opinions because we all have different views on this question (Which One Should Fallow.? . I’m here to open your mind and interest you in this subject to see what your opinion is on this. This article will explain you this. You will see 1 article on a situation of wen a state law contradicts a federal law and 2 view of what people think we should do each one of course different. This paper will answer some questions we might ask of or think of. Hope you catch some interest and hope it opens a new perspective to you and yo u get interested in this topic. State Laws That Contradict Federal LawsQuestions we might have and ask in our minds here are some than again this is on some web pages online you can think otherwise you will see examples throughout this report and see why people might say this. Every question will be answered and you will see examples What happens if a state law contradicts the US Constitution or a federal law? What  happens  when a  state  law  conflicts with a  federal  law? If a  state  law  conflicts with a  federal  law  which  law  will prevail? Which should we fallow? In case a person violets one of this laws by doing another what happens?These and more questions can be in our mind and yeah we want an answer to this so I’ll try to a answer these and more. Get ready to learn some stuff we didn’t know. State Laws That Contradict Federal Laws A very important state law that contradicts federal law is the prescribed marijuana. In some st ates they have legalized it for people that have health problems than again what's the point of having a state law that allows you to prescribe marijuana when FBl can arrest you for violating the Federal law.How can they allow it in some states when it’s supposed to be a drug and is prohibited and against all law to have it or consume it? We have seen many issues that have happened when it comes to this like people making fake prescriptions to obtain it and the sale of it. It has been something we have tried to battle against and the police and states try to end but how can they end something when is the own state that’s the approving the legalization. Many people are confused about the legality of medical access to marijuana.First text from online site (First and foremost:  Marijuana, for  any  use,  is illegal under federal law. Even if you live in a state that has enacted legislation or passed a ballot initiative that recognizes marijuana's medical utility y ou are subject to arrest by federal officials for possession or cultivation of marijuana. (Based on this we see that the text is saying that it is illegal under federal law even if u lived in a state where it is legal you would need a ballot or an ID of authorization.I think this is a good way of keeping it from going into the wrong hands but yet there are always ways people forfeit documents and make fake prescriptions to get that Id there should be more ways of verification. ) Federal Laws: The Controlled Substances Act classifies cannabis as a Schedule I drug and defines it as a drug â€Å"with no accepted medical value in treatment. † Despite its long history of use as a medication, cannabis is classified as a â€Å"new drug† and legal access is only possible through an Investigational New Drug Application (IND) issued by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This helps to see the medical past of the person asking for the drug even though people use it as a pain reliever they should do this drug for people that have very severe drug issues. What do you think should they give it to any sick person or to the ones that have really severe illnesses? ) State Laws: Beginning in 1978, the states began responding to pleas from the seriously ill for legal access to marijuana for medical purposes. Thirty-four states  have enacted laws which recognize marijuana's medical value.Many of these laws authorized state research programs which would allow citizens to gain legal access to marijuana. Several states developed complicated research programs which gave their citizens limited access to legal supplies of medical marijuana. These programs were short-lived, however. Complex federal regulations and the continuous intervention of federal officials made such programs too difficult for most states to administer. This state law has many different views and sides you can take. Like you can be in favor of allowing it yet you can also be against.So here is t he question which one should we fallow? Based on the supremacy claw if the state law contradicts the federal law you have to fallow the federal law so if we fallow the federal law that means that any patient with severe illness and who passes approbation of his/her application should get the illegal drug than again only if passed investigation (IND: Investigational New Drug Application) What happens if someone violates the law? If state has there different laws and penalties and regulations that occur when violating their terms or abusing there.Reference page Question 1 Pg. 3 http://wiki. answers. com/Q/What_happens_if_a_state_law_contradicts_the_US_Constitution_or_a_federal_law#ixzz26xSIZOoV Question 2 Pg. 3 http://wiki. answers. com/Q/What_happens_if_a_state_law_contradicts_the_US_Constitution_or_a_federal_law#ixzz26xUDqStq Question 4 Pg. 3 http://wiki. answers. com/Q/What_happens_if_a_state_law_contradicts_the_US_Constitution_or_a_federal_law#ixzz26xUDqStq First text in parenthes is http://www. marijuana-as-medicine. org/Federal%20;%20State%20Law. htm

Checks and Balances on the American Government

Tatianna Orozco P. 2 Checks and Balances The six basic principles of the constitution are popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, judicial review, federalism, and checks and balances. Checks and balances is the amount of power assigned to each branch (executive, legislative, and judicial) to keep them balanced. This concept was popularized by Baron Montesquieu to keep the French government from corrupting and was brought to the American government. Over the 200 plus years checks and balances has been in act, it has been very effective through impeachment, laws, and military actions.When it comes to impeachment, the system of checks and balances is very effective. The president can be impeached by the House of Representatives. During the impeachment, the Chief of Justice sits a President of the Senate. So, this is a check on the executive branch. In impeachment, legislative branch holds the power. The legislative branch represents the people which provides a che ck upon itself and the judicial branch. As a result of the legislative branch holding most of the power, it allows the people to have a connected sense especially when it comes to voting.Checks and balances is very effective through lawmaking. If the president decides to veto a bill, congress may override the veto by a 2/3 vote of both houses. This puts a check on the executive branch. In a case where the president does not sign a bill within 10 days it automatically becomes a law. Because of congress having most of the power over lawmaking, it gives the people of this country can have assurance over injury. Military actions are another way checks and balances are effective in equality of two branches.The executive branch puts a check on the legislative branch by the president being commander in chief of the military. Even though the president is chief of the military, only congress has the power to declare war. This is effective in the way that instead of 1 person declaring way ità ¢â‚¬â„¢s a group of people making a big decision. Along with popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, judicial review, and federalism, checks and balances is effective in our government. Without checks and balances we wouldn’t have the stable government and protection we have today.

Regrets Case Essay

I regret not doing a lot of things in life like telling that bully in the third grade that I was not afraid of him or telling a teacher that I really appreciated all she had done for me.   The one regret that I have that has really changed where I am in my life when I messed up an opportunity that I was given to be a â€Å"third key† manager at a high end retail establishment shortly after graduating from high school. I did not get the position because I failed a urine screening for drugs.   I had smoked a little pot (three puffs to be exact) a few days prior to my interview in â€Å"celebration† of this opportunity as my friends and I hung out and partied.   I had no idea at the time that a little pleasurable puff of paradise (39) from this marijuana cigarette would end the most promising career opportunity that I may ever have had.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After gradating from high school, I was on top of the world and loving life.   My life was like a box of chocolates (25), full of delicious and hidden opportunities.   I landed an interview for an amiable administrator’s (57) position and everything went well during the interview.   I was offered the job upon condition of a passed drug urine screening.   Drug urine screening?(12).   Say what?!   I had never had one of those before, probably because I had never had a job worthy enough of expelling urine for someone to analyze.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Not only was I highly unprepared for this condition of my employment, but I was actually surprisingly very sure that I was going to pass the screening despite the fact that I had smoked some marijuana three days earlier (58).   At the time, I was unaware of how long drug traces remained in my system, so I thought I would be good to go, but deep down, something did not feel quite right.   Another part of me told me that I was going to lose this once in a lifetime opportunity (55) due to a stupid choice that I made one night to party and get high with my friend Andy (69).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Why didn’t I just say no, as all the commercials and billboards had been urging me to do for years (24)?   There is only one logical reason, and that is because I was stupid.   No, that is not a logical reason; that is a lame excuse.   I did it because I was selfish (17).   I was more worried about my image at the time than my own future (19).   Selfish†¦selfish†¦selfish (47).   And stupid.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Losing the job that I had wanted so badly and that could have made a real difference in my life was highly disturbing.   I disappointed myself in the worst way.   I ended up working several mediocre jobs after that.   However, as the old saying goes, when life gives you lemons, make lemonade (51).   So, I made lemonade all the way to college.   Here I can advance my pool of job opportunities (20) and with the pool of knowledge that I already posses from previous mistakes, I will be able to do more than make lemonade.   I can make a better career for myself and can become a better person.

Comment and Compare the Boscastle and Pakistan Floods Essay

During the 2010 monsoon season (July and August), Pakistan experienced the worst floods recorded in its history. Heavy rainfall caused flash floods in the north and north-western regions of the country. The subsequent run-off created a southward moving mass of water approximately the size of the United Kingdom. The flood waters travelled downstream through Punjab and Sindh until they reached the Arabian Sea. Many of the main tributaries feeding into the Indus River were also flooded, further inundating agricultural lands. In total, some 20 million people were displaced and 50,000 square km were submerged, while standing crops, infrastructure and land were damaged extensively. The extent of the destruction caused by the 2010 floods is hard to comprehend. The floods impacted seventy-eight districts, resulting in the deaths of over 1900 people with at least another 2900 injured. In the areas receiving flood-waters 70% of the roads and bridges were swept away. More than 10,000 schools and 500 hospitals were destroyed or damaged, as were about 1.6 million homes. In a relatively short period of time, millions of Pakistanis who were already having a difficult time making a living before the floods found themselves homeless and unsure of how to survive. The losses were largest for crops with direct damage to 2.1 million hectares of standing Kharif crops (crops that are sown in the rainy season) – mainly cotton, rice, sugarcane and vegetables; one million tonnes of food and seed stocks were lost along with a large number of on-farm water channels and wells. Livestock were decimated during the flash floods in the hilly areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, while grazing animals and poultry were also lost in the plains area. In all, approximately 200,000 livestock (including cows, sheep, buffalo, goats and donkeys) were initially confirmed dead, with the total rising somewhat over time. Of immediate concern was the increased risk of outbreaks of contagious diseases due to unsafe drinking water, poor sanitation and personal hygiene, food insecurity,lack of shelter, overcrowding and decreased access to health care. In late August 2010, over 450,000 cases of dysentery and other diseases were reported, and some 3.5 million children were considered at risk of contracting water-borne diseases including diarrhoea and cholera. Three rivers – the Valency, Jordan and Paradise – converge on the small, tourist village of Boscastle on the Cornish coast. The majority of the damage caused by the flash flood on 16th August 2004, 52 years after the catastrophe that was the Lynmouth flood, was attributable to the Valency. In total, an input of 3 million tonnes of water was added to a tiny drainage basin, whose size was just 40 square kilometres. Attention must be paid not just to the total volume of rain but also the intensity with which it fell. 185mm arrived in just five hours, the majority falling in the first two hours. Under such conditions, infiltration was virtually impossible, with the rate of precipitation greatly exceeding the infiltration capacity of any soil type. The soils were already saturated from previous rainfall earlier in the week, encouraging surface run-off to begin even sooner. The three river valleys are very steep and narrow; a broader floodplain would have helped to soak up ex cess water and to reduce energy more effectively through an increased hydraulic radius. The settlement of Boscastle was allowed to develop on a narrow flood plain on the west coast of England, where rainfall is often high. The rainfall of August 2004 hit at the worst time of year, when the settlement population doubled to 2,000 as tourists arrived. Much higher levels of motor vehicle damage were also experienced as a result of this temporary population increase. In addition, shops were carrying greater levels of stock than at other times of the year. Although new flood defences were set to be built in October of that year, work had not yet started. Overall, excellent emergency services and Environment Agency response meant no lives were lost. However, due to the constantly changing nature of the tourist population, it took a long time to clearly establish that there had been no fatalities. Most shops stayed shut for the rest of the season and the bad publicity reduced tourist numbers during the following years, resulting in a negative multiplier effect for the entire lo cal community. In addition, the effect spread beyond Boscastle – other settlements along the river were perceived to be at risk by tourists. Boscastle businesses could claim compensation from their insurance companies (claims for ‘disruption to trading’ in Boscastle amounted to  £15m). However, others businesses elsewhere in Cornwall could not, even though they too may have suffered reduced trade in the following years. This became a cause for concern, with tourism accounting for 30% of Cornwall’s GDP and tourists spending up to  £1 billion throughout the county. Shared amenities such as Boscastle village green were now covered with silt and up-ended cars. There were serious costs for a small community with a seasonal employment problem, due to its over-reliance on summer tourism. There was also irreplaceable loss of historical artefacts; The ‘Witch Museum’ – which was fifty years old and received 50,000 visitors a year – saw some of its unique contents damaged. Infrastructure disruption was another major problem; both bridges in Boscastle were destroyed and sections of r oad swept away. Telephone, water, electricity and gas supplies were all immediately interrupted. People found the value of their homes permanently reduced, now that Boscastle was associated with a serious flood risk. It has been suggested that values were halved. In some instances it took six months before properties were sufficiently repaired for homeowners to permanently return. This was one of the worst problems that flood victims faced: they could not physically return to their homes even when the floodwaters receded. In some cases, the historic character of the houses in Boscastle caused extra problems. Six properties were destroyed outright; most others required between  £15,000 and  £30,000 for repairs. Insurance companies reimbursed most people however some home and car owners did not receive compensation because (a) they lacked appropriate insurance cover or (b) they found that they were not entitled to payment because insurers regarded this unusual event as an ‘Act of God’. It is difficult to compare these two floods, which both caused significant damage, but the scale to which this happened varied tremendously; one occurred in a small, sleepy Cornish village while the other tormented a whole country. The numbers involved also differed; there were thankfully no deaths in the Boscastle flood (one resident suffered a heart attack but that was the extent of the casualties), whereas there were over 1500 people killed in Pakistan with millions more left homeless and in danger of starvation and waterborne diseases. The cost of the clean up for a small village like Boscastle was great enough; that for the already heavily indebted, poverty-stricken Pakistan was impossibly high. The greatest similarity is the physical geography of the land which didn’t allow for adequate drainage of the affected areas. Pakistan is essentially split down the middle with the western side of the country all at least 300m above sea level whereas the eastern half is low lying farmland/floodplains. This meant that the excess surface runoff caused by the high levels of rainfall simply followed the gradient of the land and flooded the lower lying east. Boscastle is in an even worse position as it is sitting at the bottom of a valley so the water came from both sides, converging at the village where the already swollen rivers simultaneously burst their banks. Another similarity was the high levels of rainfall immediately preceeding the floods which meant that the subsequent rainfall was unable to infiltrate the already saturated ground.

Essay on television news Essay

Television news and current affair programs have become an essential part of our everyday lives in this cutting edge society today. Nine Network’s A Current Affair program is a 30-minute long current affairs program covering politics, crime, human rights, science, technology and many other areas. It is an example of a consumer-oriented program, which seeks to appeal to viewers to get the ratings and thereby generate revenue through advertising for the Nine Network. I will use this current affairs program broadcast on the 2nd November to discuss how the codes of television reinforce the narrative elements in one of the stories presented on the television screen. The current affair story I have chosen which runs for five minutes and eight seconds is about an out-of-control 15-year old Stacey who has been locked in a â€Å"wire cage† for her past seven years. She is severely intellectually handicapped and her mother is forced to lock her up for her own safety reasons. She claims that the Government does not provide sufficient disabilities services and resources in areas such as rural South Australia. Throughout the story, viewers are positioned to sympathize with Stacey’s mother, Kerry. She is portrayed as a victim of the lack of disabilities services, desperately pleading the government to take action. The different camera angles and movement, selection of film footage, background music, voice-overs and word choice are examples of techniques used to enhance the narrative elements in the story such as characterization, point of view, setting, structure and many more. The two main production codes I will focus on are technical and audio codes. The characters of this story include the current affair presenter, Stacey the 15-year old girl, her mother Kerry, a family friend, South Australia Disability Service Minister and Chris Hill the on-spot reporter and interviewee. Various shots such as close-up, longand panning shots are used to show the main character of the story Stacey behind her â€Å"cage†. She is shown clinging on to the â€Å"wire cage† like a prisoner without freedom. Viewers are in this way positioned to feel sorry for her. We normally associate imprisonment with crime and wrong doings. Here, we are presented with an innocent victim suffering from Down syndrome, being denied the basic human right of freedom through no fault of her own. There are also shots filming interviews with Stacey’s mum, Kerry. The close-up shots showing Kerry’s weary and desperate face suggests to viewers that she is also suffering from locking her daughter up in the cage for her own safety and this allows viewers to observe the physical effect of the stressful situation. This makes viewers feel sorry for her as the mother of a handicapped daughter. The shots showing South Australia’s Disability Service Minister busy flipping through his pile of work tells viewers that the minister is very busy and he has other community issues to look at. It shows that the need to help Stacey is low down in the minister’s listed priorities. Viewers react by feeling angered because the government cannot provide these services for families in need. Seeing the Minister in his city office environment contrasted with the rural setting of the Stacey’s â€Å"cage†, viewers can see the huge gap in the importance placed in addressing this problem. The melancholy background music, designed to raise emotions, is also played whenever Stacey appears on the scene, further emphasizing the sufferings of the mother and daughter. The setting of the story is also enhanced by shots showing rural South Australia and Stacey’s â€Å"wire cage†. The long shots are used to show location as isolated and deserted from the major town centres and the voice of Chris Hill further enhances it. There are footages showing the surroundings of the Stacey’s house, suggesting the danger Stacey faces if she is let loosed. The close up shots of the wire cage and the faces behind the â€Å"cage†; and the repetition shots of the opening of the â€Å"cage† reinforce the â€Å"prison† setting Stacey has been living in for the past seven years. The point of view in the story is 90% focused on Stacey’s mother, Kerry and their family friend. Viewers are persuaded to side with them in arguing against the government for the lack of disability services such as day care programs, transport services and other disability services. The footage showing Stacey interacting with the camera as she interrupts the â€Å"normal† narrative flow of the camera work by covering the camera lens show her behaviour as uncontrolled and undisciplined. It also demonstrates clearly to the viewers that Stacey has a lack of understanding of the appropriate behaviour and responses in the world around her. This reinforces the viewpoint of Stacey’s mother that this problem is not exaggerated. The current affair presenter also commented on the â€Å"lack of support provided†, further enhancing that the government is not doing anything. The sympathetic tone is created through the selection of words chosen by the voice-over and presenter. For example, Stacey home is described as a â€Å"domestic detention centre†. This emotive language is normally associated with asylum seekers arriving in our country. Other selective words and adjectives used include â€Å"barbaric† when referred to the action of locking Stacey up and â€Å"Wire Cage† when referred to Stacey’s house. This colourful language is used to make the story seem more interesting and touching. There is also a personal testimony recounting an incident from the past to demonstrate the past and present difficulties faced by Kerry and many other interviews to make the story more truthful. Values and attitudes of the Australian government are also reinforced using technical and audio codes in the story. The Australian Government likes to think of themselves as caring, helpful and supportive. They believe that they have one of the best healthcare systems in the world. This story sets on to show one of the examples of the system failing to provide services for all in the community. In conclusion, the current affair story is put together using the different narrative techniques such as characterization, setting, point of view and tone and it is reinforced through the use of television production codes such as technical and audio codes.

The French Revolution and Nationalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The French Revolution and Nationalism - Essay Example A force that is capable of rendering a national character to any uprising or event, nationalism is a phenomenon that permeates into the very core of a citizen’s life. It does so by giving the people of a country a common platform where they can meet, interact and bond. Subsequently, this leads to a rise in the national character as these people begin to identify with each other on the basis of a language, color, race or even suffering. Nationalism as a feature on any country’s historical or cultural climate rises to the fore as a result of threats. It is only when confronted with a threat, does a country – made up of its people and their collective sentiments – wake up and recognize their strengths. These in effect become the strength of the nation and nationalism is born. In this way, nationalism is defined, anew; every time there is suffering followed subsequently by an upheaval. As a result of this, nationalism can be called dynamic concept. This is owing to the fact that its elements change with the changing times and the reasons for upheavals. The only thing constant about nationalism is its power to bind people together as a nation and the fact that it rises to prominence only in the face of adversity. In modern times, nationalism has become a matter of celebrating everything that a nation takes pride in. This includes independence days, art, literature, music and various other symbols th at are a part of the national character as a whole – elements that remind nations of its past victories and present strengths. (Voltaire, 2005) The French Revolution and Nationalism The French Revolution was an upheaval that was marked by the formal birth of what we call nationalism. Spanning over a decade (1789 to 1799), this Revolution had a strong socio political dimension to it. The embodiment of nationalism in this revolution arose as a matter of its ability to define the elements that would support the construction of a democratic society free of feudal patterns. This was at the behest of the citizens from every quarter of the French society, who wanted to break free of the double standards that were being imposed on their way of life in the form of the Church's intervention

Affecting Change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Affecting Change - Research Paper Example This is particularly so as a result of the high volume of reports and referrals, together with budget cuts (Waldfogel, 1998). As a result, there are many instances in which some children at high risk of maltreatment are not identified and in other cases, too much attention is turned toward children who are not at a genuine risk of abuse or neglect (Waldfogel, 1998). It has been widely suggested that community partnerships can improve CPS responsiveness and foster an environment capable of ensuring that children are safe (France & Utting, 2005). This paper investigates the feasibility of community partnerships as a method of improving the current CPS system. The first part of this paper details and analyzes the current CPS system. The second part of this paper will analyze the concept of community partnerships and demonstrates how it can improve the current CPS system and in turn improve the safety of children. Munro (2005) describes the current CPS system in Western ideology as similar to that of the functioning of a nuclear power plant. According to Munro (2005), like a nuclear power plant, the CPS system is focused on the prevention of disaster, injury and death. While this is not necessarily a bad thing, it focuses far too much attention on prevention rather than cure. However, the main problem is attributed to the fact that when errors are made and disaster, injury of death occurs, quite often humans rather than the system are blamed for the error. This focuses attention on personnel changes rather than systematic changes (Munro, 2005). A review of the literature suggests that the current CPS system is built around a rigid â€Å"investigative response to child maltreatment reports†, is â€Å"adversarial† in nature and does not does not take a holistic approach to meeting the needs of the family (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2009, p. 1). A national survey of CPS conducted by the US Department of Health and Human

Evidence based task1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Evidence based task1 - Essay Example This in turn tends to affect the overall efficiency of the hospital. Empirical evidence collected by the authors further indicates meager relevance provided towards the improvement of compliance degree when considering hand hygiene in hospitals. The method of data processing used in the article was based on an observational survey conducted by involving 7 hospitals from 1994 to 1997. The data was accordingly segregated on the basis of attack rates of Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), nosocomial infection rates and consumption of handrub disinfectant. The data was further evaluated through Chi-Square analysis and two-tailed p-values besides taking into account the secondary findings available. As mentioned, data analysis in this article was conducted on the basis of Chi-Square and Two-Tailed statistical tools. Measured through the three indicators, i.e. (1) attack rates of Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), (2) nosocomial infection rates and (3) consumption of handrub disinfectant, proportions of the data gathered was treated through logistic regression that rewarded a better insight of the trends in the hospitals concerning the compliance and the non-compliance rates. In alignment with the determined objective, the researchers concluded that their implemented campaign indicated a sustainable improvement in the rate of compliance. The researchers also concluded that along with an improvement in the compliance rate for hand hygiene, nosocomial infections propensity and the propensity of MRSA transmission also increased sustainably. 3. The statistical data provided by the researchers indicated that the compliance rate was increasing following their implementation of the campaign denoting a compliance rate of 47.6% in 1994 and 66.2% in 1997. On the individual quantitative terms, this variation was

In the present day, why are some countries rich and other countries Essay

In the present day, why are some countries rich and other countries poor - Essay Example markable victory of capitalist financial systems in North America, Western Europe and East Asia and by the miserable breakdown of socialist schema in the eastern part of Europe and the former Soviet Union (Sachs, Mellinger and Gallup 2000). The ever-changing world system of economy aggravates discrimination and inequality in the Third World. Foreign ventures carry further wealth for the already highly-industrialised rich nations as manufacturing employments are lost to the underdeveloped nations. Hunger and poverty, being the most crucial dilemmas facing the Third World today will continue to prevail unless the gulf between the two nations is mended. This paper will explain the standpoints of the theories of Third World Dependency on the First World; the Capitalism and Protectionism by the Rich Nations; and Globalisation of markets. The uneven distribution of world income will likewise be presented, as well as the debt crisis that worsens the economic conditions of the deprived civilisations. Moreover, it will attempt to explain the gap between the developed and underdeveloped countries, which when not quickly bridged may aggravate hunger and poverty in the Third World and may cause the economic collapse of both worlds. The greatest distinct gauge of a nation’s success is gross national product (GNP) per capita or gross domestic product (GDP) per capita– the overall worth of a countrys economic production, divided by its population (Sachs, Mellinger and Gallup 2000). Figure 1 below shows the world distribution of GDP per capita obviously exposing the immense gap between the first and third worlds. The richest countries or the highly industrialised nations of the world include the United States, majority of Western Europe, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan. These countries have high per capita output and highly developed market economies based on the huge supply of capital goods, innovative technologies, and a highly-educated labour force. The

Future of US foreign policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Future of US foreign policy - Essay Example by, as well as the concomitant recession; the United States is essentially going broke (Mandelbaum, The Frugal Superpower: Americas Global Leadership in a Cash-Strapped Era). This year alone, the United States registered a $1.3trillion deficit. This means that it will have to find a way of paying for the outsized foreign policy it has; possibly borrow every Penny of the amount. Michael Mandelbaum, the author of Frugal Superpower and a professor at the JHU School of Advanced International Studies, is quick to point out how President Obama, in his speech given at the West Point, talked a lot about limits. The President was talking about the intentions he had about escalating the war. â€Å"For even when he ordered his troops to the war in Afghanistan, the President sought to put limits on the time of their stay, as well as the mission that they were meant to carry out; and he did not forget to clarify the reasons for the limits. He said that America was not able to afford doing anymore other than what had been specified. The most vital theme from the remarks he put across was that he acknowledged the economic constraints America was having especially on its foreign policy; this is a theme that is hardly ever heard from American presidents, last time it was heard was when Roosevelt took America into the second world war† America’s time as the sole world power that is able to impose all its wills on any country everywhere in this world is coming to an end (Mandelbaum, Americas Coming Retrenchment). While this could be seen as a result of the aspect of the international environment, but it isn’t exactly that. As a matter of fact, it is just a recent history artifact whose life was short. Mr. Mandelbaum tries to address the question, now what? Mr. Mandelbaum tries to face up to the â€Å"the tyranny of numbers.† The United States of America does not enjoy the luxury of infinite resources it used to have and that was available for any project it deemed desirable or

Jazz by Toni Morrison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Jazz by Toni Morrison - Essay Example Nor does jazz music which is often made up as it goes along. The steamy, melodrama of many of Morrison's scenes and the interplay of love, violence, and sadness are also represented in jazz music which is such a powerful unifier. We especially see the relationship between Dorcas and Joe played out in this improvisational manner. The time in which this story is set—1920s Harlem—is key to the symbolism of the jazz music. This was a period of great change not only in the history of New York and the United States, but in the lives of African Americans. They were beginning to come into their own in a cultural sense. Jazz was to be one of their first and most successful cultural products. It revolutionized the way people thought of music and it also showed that musical talent, however chaotic, was inherent. You didn't need to be from Vienna to be a good musician. So jazz was a symbol in the sense that it represented a cultural aspiration for African Americans, much as rap mus ic may do so today for many young African American men. Overall, Jazz is a fascinating novel with a great deal of symbolism. Its main symbol is that of jazz music that appears throughout the story. It united the narrative and gives the book a timeless feel.

Consumer Behaviour in the Consumer Electronics Market Essay

Consumer Behaviour in the Consumer Electronics Market - Essay Example The company has recently released the Walkman MP3 player Z series. This particular product is able to combine several elements of the past MP3 players into a new alternative for music while providing the next step to listening to music that many can enjoy within the market. The concept of ILaz is one which developed from the main philosophy of providing new and innovative products based on entertainment needs. It was recently established, specifically with the basis of using the new ideologies of engineers to enhance the products and to create unique electronic features which could be introduced on a global basis. The founding ideology is to create innovative products and technical features that enhance entertainment. The mission is to offer high end and newer electronics to the community which will establish entertainment and offer a different use with better alternatives for leisure activities. The vision is to offer several types of electronic products with a strong reputation for quality and enjoyment. The MP3 player which is provided uses some of the technologies which have been produced by other engineers, such as Sony, and enhances these with newer features that provide more alternatives for listening. The meaning of entertainment devices is inclusive of music, video, photography and other digital products that are specific to the entertainment realm. By having this approach, there is the ability to specialize in high – end products that need different resolutions and alternatives for better listening. The product which is offered by Ilaz is the Z-Series Walkman MP3 player. This is an upgrade to the MP3 players offered by other companies, specifically because of the approach to upgrade technology for better use. The main approach is to offer music in the digital, handheld device that has a clear and distinct sound and which has higher resolution with videos for those that are looking at entertainment through the player. The technology used for bet ter sounds and resolution of video includes digital sound enhancement, noise cancelling, clear stereo and clear bass technologies. The ideology is combined with creating an experience with sound, video and other applications. The system has also incorporated content transfer software, which offers music, video and photo that can all be added into the product. There is the ability to have more transfers, automatic options for downloading as well as updates and the support of digital rights management. There is also a management system incorporated, which consists of sorting files, plugging and transferring files and moving from one platform to another, such as from the PC to iTunes. The product has also incorporated options of moving from different players for better playing. The MP3 system incorporates Bluetooth technology and some of the latest looks and feels of the new device. The product is based on the latest ILaz Z – Series walkman; however, it has enhanced features to offer even more compatibility for both music and video (Sony, 2011). The concepts which have been added to the MP3 player, as well as the popularity of the product can be looked into in terms of the UK market. In general, the UK market has increased in the number that is looking at the different digital players, as seen in graph 1. Graph 1: Increase in UK Electronics Market (National Statistics, 2007). This is combined with the alterations with MP3 players which include 26% of individuals age 15 and over owning the player. It is also